The Effects of Inflation Targeting

The Effects of Inflation Targeting Presentation Inflation is an expansion in the costs of products and enterprises in the economy. It is connected to an assortment of other monetary elements and wonders, both as a reason and aftereffect of expansion. These elements can be very fluctuated and can bring about both negative and positive effects on the economy.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Effects of Inflation Targeting explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Governments, normally through their national bank, have different techniques to recognize and decrease expansion. Be that as it may, the reaction is perpetually political in nature, essentially in light of the fact that the endeavors to bring down expansion can some of the time bring about an absence of thoughtfulness regarding issues, for example, joblessness. Also, swelling doesn't focus on all ventures similarly. Exceptional consideration regarding expansion made with respect to banks and government elements may def iciently bring down procedure in one industry, or disregard another part. Because of the globalized idea of the economy, permitting swelling to proceed with unchecked can have heartbreaking results, not exclusively to the country it starts in, yet in addition in countries it is exchanging with. Prime case of swelling and poor monetary or political reactions and its impact all through the world, is from the latest downturn of 2007-2009. Otherwise called the Great Recession which is one of the greatest money related emergencies since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. What is the chief reason behind expansion focusing on? Expansion focusing on is a financial strategy where specialists set a money related objective and shape the arrangement to coordinate it using loan costs and other budgetary instruments. These figures are what direct the costs of items inside the nation. Utilizing this type of strategy is a safe technique in directing the expenses of leading business. As it w ere, the sums paid out in labor and creation remains lower than the worth got. In principle expansion focusing on is direct: the approaching pace of swelling is anticipated by the national bank, later on it is compared with the objective rates which the administration considers as fitting for the economy and means to accomplish. The contrast between the anticipated sum and the objective decides how much fiscal arrangement must be balanced (Mishkin, 2001). This sort of monetary control is intended to keep away from a lack of accessible merchandise, just as to energize open putting and investment funds into capital subsidizes, for example, stocks and securities so as to keep up the general cash supply.Advertising Looking for examine paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What proof demonstrates that dealing with the cash gracefully is the chief errand of expansion focusing on? Expansion focusing on is a technique utilized by the Central Banks so as to control the economy just as keep up strength in the monetary markets. This implies the Bank is answerable for saving a harmony between the flexibly and interest for cash. Considering that various exchanges use cash, there is a noteworthy impact of cash on economy of the nation. So as to expand the flexibly of accessible assets, Banks will diminish financing costs, which energize speculations and furthermore give all the more purchasing capacity to the shopper. An expanded deal on merchandise convinces partnerships to arrange more materials and increment creation. The development of business execution requires more representatives and effects on the interest for capital products. The costs are raised with the impact of the circumstance caused on the financial exchange in a graceful economy. This in its turn powers organizations to manage obligations and value. On the off chance that the cash gracefully keeps on extending, costs st art to increase and banks will at that point raise interests’ rates so as to counterbalance the expansion rate. In any case, whenever left un-checked or on account of the ongoing downturn, lessening loan costs too low will disastrously affect the economy. A few specialists accept this was the fundamental driver of the flow downturn; free loaning with respect to the Banks combined with no-cash down advances incited a fast ascent in the lodging market. At the point when this equivalent market slammed, a greater part of the advances went into default and with no money to gather on; Banks were confronting genuine risks of chapter 11. Is there a perfect pace of Inflation? Preferably expansion rates should be steady at 2 percent for each year permitting space for financial development. Sums which are more than 3 percent or underneath 1 percent are commonly a reason for concern. The United States for instance, has encountered low degrees of expansion as of late because of the langui d economy following the Great Recession. At present the swelling rate is about 2.5 percent of the total national output which is up from the negative 1.3 percent during the ongoing financial decay (Losman, 2010 Luojia Toussaint-Comeau, 2010).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Effects of Inflation Targeting explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Have fiscal approach creators grasped strategy activities through broad comprehension of these connections? What does prove appear? After the ongoing efficient emergency, crisis mediations were executed so as to safeguard numerous national monetary frameworks. Boost plans and major bailouts turned into a main consideration in budgetary strategies. In the United States the â€Å"ARRA (The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009)† (Isidore, 2009), was made so as to make quick move against the developing emergency. Its essential destinations include: work creation, interest in foundation , training, wellbeing and benefit from the green development. The evaluated cost of the recuperation program is over $700 billion (Isidore, 2009) The fundamental head behind the ARRA is that â€Å"†¦during downturns governments should counterbalance the lessening in private spending so as to spare employments and stop further monetary deterioration† (Isidore, 2009). Notwithstanding official articulations made by government authorities about late prudent security, everyone stays cynical. Falling salary, rising joblessness and an expansion in vitality and food costs, have pundits accepting the nation is still in emergency and conceivably confronting another downturn. Isidore, Chris. â€Å"The Great Recession†. CNNMoney. Walk 2009. Web. July 2012. Losman, Danakan.. (2010). â€Å"The Rise of Stealth Inflation†. Challenge, 2010. Questia Trusted Online research. Web. July 2012. Luojia, Hu, Maude Toussaint-Comeau. â€Å"Do Labor showcase exercises help foresee in flation?† Economic Perspectives. Questia Trusted Online research. 2010. Web. July 2012. Mishkin, Frederic S. â€Å"Inflation Targeting†. National Bureau of Economic Research. July 2001. Web. July 2012.Advertising Searching for investigate paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More

The Community Based Support Programmes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Community Based Support Programs. Answer: The people group based help projects and practices are structured so that it advances the assets stream and give the backings to the guardians who help in reinforcing the working and furthermore improving the turn of events and the development of the youngsters in their initial period of life. Such people group based projects point in giving such information and aptitudes which are useful in leading the raising obligations of the developing kids and giving the kids the chances and encounters which advances the kid improvement and learning. The essentialness normal for such network based projects incorporates furnishing the families with the responsive and the adaptable help; to approach the families with deference and respect; offering the data to the guardians in order to settle on the educated choices; and to give the basic backings and assets to the guardians for dealing with the youngsters in their initial time of life which delivers the ideal kid and the parent results (Mason, 2011). The people group based projects and activities have the constructive effect on both the child rearing practices and enthusiastic and social advancement of the kids in the beginning periods of life. The noteworthiness highlight of such program isn't what is offered, yet the way how the backings are to be given (Mason, 2011). The limit building rehearses in the network based program structure the base of the cooperations among the families and the staff for guaranteeing the parent's abilities upgrade this thus helps the guardians with building certainty and skills which is required for collaborations and advancing the passionate and social improvement of the kids (Forde Devaney, 2006). The individuals from such network based projects in the youngster care help the relatives in getting the right stuff for acquiring, assets, administrations, and supports, such practices helps in the advancement of the small kids which additionally incorporates the enthusiastic and the social improvement ( Forde Devaney, 2006). The people group can lead certain scope of the objective, widespread and wellbeing advancing administrations, for example, the taking care of the newborn children, resting and furthermore in giving the direction to comprehend the wellbeing inoculation and appraisal in the early yearly of the youngsters. The given projects plan to control the child rearing practices which in a postitive manner sway the results of the youngster. Validation for the adequacy of the projects has been expanding over ten years, despite the fact that it stays blended. The deliberate surveys of certain home visiting programs in the Canada, USA, and UK, set up that there are sure idealistic result in the environmental factors, and furthermore in the prosperity of the maternal and child rearing expertise (Forde Devaney, 2006). There are sure child rearing skill and certainty which effectively gives the practices which includes the practices which helps the guardians in choosing what is significant for them and youngsters care and how to get the information and data which is important to be gained for the kids development in early years with having the extraordinary impact on the guardians feeling of certainty and ability (Mason, 2011). References Forde, S., Devaney, C. (2006). Postvention: A Community-based Family Support Initiative and Model of Responding to Tragic Events, Including Suicide.Child Care In Practice,12(1), 53-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270500526303 Bricklayer, C. (2011). Social work the craft of relationship: guardians' points of view on a serious family support project.Child Family Social Work,17(3), 368-377. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00791.x

What to Read Before and After Surgery

What to Read Before and After Surgery Surgery can bring out a lot of emotions in both the patient and their loved ones. Between anxiety and fear before surgery, pain and exhaustion following surgery, and frustration and boredom during the recovery process, it’s an incredibly stressful experience. While your body heals, some comfort reading might be just what you need to soothe your mind and spirit. These suggestions of what to read before and after surgery may come in handy if you’re preparing to go under the knife, or if you’re trying to find the perfect gift for a loved one. I recently had surgery to repair a broken ankle, and it’s been a long and grueling process. When told I wouldn’t be able to put any weight on my leg for three months after surgery, I tried to find a bright side. Months on the couch means plenty of time for reading, right? Wrong. I’ve actually fallen behind in my reading since I broke my ankle, even though I’ve had nothing but free time. Between the pain, anxiety about surgery, and decreased attention span from the pain medication, it’s been hard to keep up my usual reading pace. But I’ve figured out what can keep my attention and provide me some comfort. Now, I’m here to share some ideas for any other readers looking at a long recovery process. What to Read Before Surgery I had a week and a half between the time I broke my ankle and the surgery to repair it. During that time, I was on pain medication that made it really hard for me to focus on reading. I was also stressed about the surgery and what my life would look like afterwards. So the best books for this period were fast paced, easy to absorb, and great at world building. Avoid anything focused on the health care industry or the ways things can go wrong. Science Fiction and Fantasy Books that can take your mind to a world far from your pain and stress are a must. Look for science fiction and fantasy books with great world building and fast-paced action. Just avoid SFF that’s too complex or hard to follow if that’s not usually your thing, as it might lead to some frustration. Binti: The Complete Trilogy by Nnedi Okorafor is a great pick that takes you to another planet with very different problems from your own. Binti is a young woman with a talent for math and for “harmonizing,” or negotiating peace. She’s selected to attend a prestigious university on another planet, but before her ship arrives, it’s invaded by an alien species that kills everyone on boardâ€"except her. Another great option is reading short story collections, especially if you’re having trouble focusing. Shorter story arcs might be easier to complete, and if one isn’t capturing your attention, you can simply skip to the next one. A People’s Future of the United States, edited by Victor LaValle and John Joseph Adams, is a great new collection with stories from some of the biggest names in SFF, including N.K. Jemisin, Daniel José Older, Charlie Jane Anders, Justina Ireland, and more. These stories look to a future in the U.S. that is more diverse and inclusive, and they feature some truly badass protagonists pushing back against oppression. Romance When everything in your life (and your body) is stressful and scary, sometimes you need a guaranteed happy ending. That’s why romance novels are a great pick while getting ready for surgery. There may be some bumps in the road, but you know everything will turn out alright. Meet cutes, romantic tropes, and butterflies in the stomach also help create a welcome distraction. Anything by Jasmine Guillory gives me all the romcom vibes I need, like her upcoming book The Wedding Party (July 16, Berkley Books). When two nemeses come together for their mutual best friend’s wedding, they end up having a series of secret sexy rendezvouses. But is their connection more than physical? Retellings of classic novels are another great choice. If you’ve read the book that inspired a retelling, you probably have a pretty good idea of where it’s headed. For example, Ayesha At Last by Uzma Jalaluddin is a modern Muslim retelling of Pride and Prejudice. Ayesha and Khalid have an undeniable connection. But when Khalid’s mother arranges an engagement to Ayesha’s cousin Hafsa, all three must decide between what they believe and what their hearts tell them. Comics and Graphic Novels When you’re low on energy and struggling to focus, comics and graphic novels may provide the change of pace you need. They’re visually engaging and if you’re on pain medication, they may be easier to focus your eyes on than a page full of words. Try fast-paced superhero comics, or if that’s not your speed, a heartwarming story like Bingo Love by Tee Franklin, Jenn St. Onge, Joy San, and Cardinal Rae. Hazel and Mari fell in love as teenagers but were pulled apart by their families and society. Fifty years later, they meet again at the bingo hall where they first kissed and find that life has given their love a second chance. What to Read After Surgery Some of the pre-op books suggested above are also great immediately after surgery. You’ll still be experiencing some pain and frustration, and your attention span may still be short. So feel free to keep up your SFF, Romance, and Comics reading after you’ve returned home. Here are some additional ideas as you continue to heal. Comforting Classics Right after surgery, it’s especially crucial to get your mind off of the pain and find a happy place. Reread books that bring you joy and happy memories. It’s also nice to already know where the plot is headed in case you have trouble focusing. If you’re struggling to read printed or ebooks, try mixing up the format with audiobooks. When I was at the peak of pain after returning home, I couldn’t focus my eyes on a book, so I found a new audio version of an old favorite: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, narrated by Tituss Burgess. The voice of an actor I love bringing new life to familiar characters was just what I needed to get my mind off the pain. Funny Memoirs and Essay Collections It sounds cheesy, but laughter really is the best medicine. Nothing helped me forget the pain and discomfort I was in like a good belly laugh. Samantha Irby is one of my favorite funny authors, and her memoirs Meaty and We Are Never Meeting in Real Life are absolutely delightful. She’s also able to make light of her own chronic pain and physical ailments in a way that may bring some comfort. Celebrity memoirs are another great choice during recovery, particularly memoirs from funny stars. If the author narrates the audiobook, even better. The familiar voice of a celebrity you admire telling their story in their own words may be just what the doctor ordered. The Greatest Love Story Ever Told by Hollywood couple Megan Mullally and Nick Offerman is a hilarious memoir of their relationship. It’s heartwarming and laugh-out-loud funny, giving you all the good feels to get well soon. What to Read While You Recover Once you’re past the worst part of post-surgery pain, you may be ready to read something that requires a bit more focus. As cabin fever starts to set in, you’ll want something more challenging. Or maybe something that will help you feel like you’re anywhere else besides the couch. Mystery/Thriller The twists and turns of a mystery/thriller take a little more energy to keep up with, but they’ll also provide a great escape from the arduous recovery process. If you’re tired of the tedium of bed rest, try something full of intrigue and adventure. American Spy by Lauren Wilkinson is a fantastic new historical spy novel set during the Cold War. Marie is an intelligence officer with the FBI, making her way in a sexist and racist old boys’ club. When she’s sent undercover to Burkina Faso to help take down a revolutionary president, everything she knows about being a spy changes. Fiction in Far Away Places If you can’t go far from home during your recovery, read books set far from home. Reading about distant places well help you pretend youre anywhere but your bed. Check out books that will transport you. To travel across the world and through time, try historical fiction set in a different country. Set in 1930s Malaysia, The Night Tiger by Yangsze Choo is just what you need to mix things up. As rumors spread about men turning into tigers, a dancehall girl and an orphan boy cross paths and find their fates are intertwined. Health Care Nonfiction Before surgery, stay far away from anything related to hospitals or medical care. But once you’re past the worst of your pain and the risk of complications, you may be interested in reading more about what you experienced. Unfortunately, I read  Anesthesia: The Gift of Oblivion and the Mystery of Consciousness by Kate Cole-Adams a while before surgery, and therefore spent some days terrified of what could go wrong when the anesthesiologist put me under. However, it’s a fascinating study of what we do and don’t know about consciousness and anesthesia. After your surgery has (hopefully) gone as planned, this book might help you learn more about what happened while you were asleep. Memoirs about chronic pain, health challenges, and death may provide surprising clarity as you recover. Learning about other health journeys can help you learn tactics for recovery and appreciation for the care you’ve received. I gained a lot of perspective from Julie Yip-Williams’ memoir The Unwinding of the Miracle: A Memoir of Life, Death, and Everything That Comes After. Yip-Williams was born blind in Vietnam. She spent much of her life pushing back against the stereotypes placed on her because of her disability. After being diagnosed with terminal cancer, she reflected on how health, access to care, and grief affected her life. If you’re preparing for surgery, good luck! If you’re recovering from surgery, I hope you have the time and energy to enjoy a good book. And if you’re shopping for a loved one with a recovery ahead of them, I hope this list gave you some great ideas for reading material. You might enjoy these other articles from Book Riot: Tips and Tricks for Reading When You’re Sick Books I’m Reading to Better Understand Illness and Death 50 Books to Read If You Love Medicine

Genetic Engineering for Livestock Producers - 1046 Words

In order to meet the needs of a growing population scientist and livestock producers have been focused on increasing food production efficiency, whilst maintaining animal health and welfare. Therefore advancements have been made in the form of new reproductive and genetic technologies to ensure that the highest level of productivity can be reached and maintained. These technologies offer breeders new pathways to meet goals and objectives over both short and long term periods. The possibilities available include genetic engineering, marker selection MOET and cloning, however new technologies are being developed at a rapid rate. Cloning of livestock was first successfully completed in 1996 when a female domestic sheep was cloned from an adult somatic cell. Since then cloning has been used within the livestock industry, to produce a genetically identical copies of superior animals. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is currently being utilised for cloning of adult farm animals. This process involves the reprogramming of a somatic cell nucleus to preform in a set way for embryonic development to occur. The first stage of SCNT involves the collection of a somatic cell using cumulus, fibroblasts, ovarian/ granulosa, marry, muscle, oviduct or uterine cells (Davies et al, 2003). An oocytes arrested at metaphase II is used for the reprograming of the somatic cell as it comprises the necessary components for starting and instructing early embryonic development. After collectionShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Crisis And Its Effects On The World1532 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. Currently, we are in a world hunger crisis and the solution that our scientists and government have come up with is genetically engineered food and genetically modified organisms, GMOs. These organisms such as plants and animals have had their genetic codes altered using biotechnical techniques. This scientific process sparks debate among many people even though everyone acknowledges that world hunger is an important problem. One side claims that genetically engineered foods are beneficial. TheirRead MoreThe Food Industry And Industrialization Of Agriculture1085 Words   |  5 PagesEconomically, it creates million of jobs that keep people employed and keeps food affordable, but has regrettably created subsidies too. In terms of health, mass production of agriculture has created new health risks that endanger the lives of both producers and consumers, as well as encourage bad eating. As a result, the industrialization of agriculture has both good and bad effects because it feeds the population cost-efficiently while benefiting the economy, but risks people’s health. EconomicallyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organism For Commercial Sale1372 Words   |  6 Pagesstates GMO crops have become the norm in the United States. For example, in 2010, 93% of all soybeans planted were herbicide-resistant The United States is, by far, the largest producer of GMO crops in the world (Fernandez-Cornejo N.P). This has set the stage for one of the biggest controversy of the 21st century. Most genetic modification of foods have primarily focused on the cash crops in high demand by industry, such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton. This part of the controversy can gets a bitRead MoreThe Issue Of Animal Welfare900 Words   |  4 PagesNobody can ignore the pain and suffering of another without feeling some type of sympathy and or guilt. This is why when presenting the issue of animal welfare, most if not all will lean toward the humane treatment of livestock. However, there is nothing humane about skinning, chopping up, and serving a living creature to other living creature. Agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) can’t fret over mental and physical conditions of the animals if they have to focus onRead MoreBiological Imperatives And Nutritional Concerns1977 Words   |  8 Pagesefforts of scientists to attain equitable food distribution among the populations throughout the world (2012). Genetically modified food has recently becom e a quotidian feature in the American food industry, as the U.S. has emerged as the largest producer of food and crops containing genetically modified ingredients. Indeed, a litany of advertisements have proliferated that tout the benefits of biotechnology to solve endemic world crises. Genetically modified foods, which are also referred to as geneticallyRead MoreThe Many Faces Of Food1140 Words   |  5 PagesYsatis Hernandez 67391593 The Many Faces of Food Genetic modification sciences (particularly Animal cloning sciences) are relatively new sciences that remain understudied. Yet, there are many that claim genetically modified foods are just as safe as the foods we consume today. Original Topic: Genetically Modified Foods; Safe or Unsafe? Current Topic: No change needed References Pro-argument Category 2: Freeman, David. Truth about Genetically Modified Food Category 2: Oxford Journal. The SafetyRead MoreWhy Are Genetically Modified Foods?1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthe potential to be a beneficial crop in many different areas with further research and development. Created in 1994 as a tomato variety with a gene to allow for longer shelf life, these crops have been introduced in the market for both human and livestock consumption. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are a type of organism that has had its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) changed to include a foreign gene that allows for some enhancement in the organism such as longer shelf-life, less need for waterRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Processed Foods1839 Words   |  8 Pageswhose genetic material has been artificially changed in a laboratory through genetic engineering. Science creates different combinations of plant, animal, bacterial and viral genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. Genetically processed foods come from a branch of Food Science that seeks improvement for foods and food production. Genetically processed foods also tie in with industrial fermentation, cross breeding, plant cultures and genetic engineering. GeneticRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Our Environment And Economy1511 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past one hundred years or so, scientists have started experimenting with the genetic material of the fruits, vegetables and other such organisms that humans eat. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made when, genes from one organism are moved into another to improve or change the characteristics of that organism. The issue on whether farmers and scientists should further experiment with the genetic modification of organisms is a worldwide discussion. Although there are claims thatRead MoreMonsanto Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagespaying lobbyists to block government regulations on genetically modified organisms, destroying the environment, lacking testing on their products ; these are all characteristics of Monsanto’s company. Monsanto is a company that provides the largest producer of genetically engineered seeds (Neuman). Monsanto’s corporation is a danger to our health and environment. â€Å"Monsanto Company started off its chemical business in 1997, Monsanto traces its roots to John Francisco Queeny, a purchaser for a wholesale

Minorities and Film Essay - 1320 Words

Minorities and Film Minorities and the Film Industry It’s September, the kids are back in school, and it’s time for another new season of television. Another round of must see Felicity, Friends, and Frasier, with a side of ER and some Nash Bridges for dessert. Loads and loads of Caucasian males and females making us laugh, and cry. What you do not see are Black, Hispanic, or other minorities making us laugh, and cry. In this day and age, where everyone gets a fair shot at doing what they really love, the same can not be said for minorities in the film industry. More and more minorities are being turn away in favor of Caucasian actors. It’s not only actors that are feeling the pinch, its also writers, directors, producers, and†¦show more content†¦Take these examples from Entertainment Weekly: 1.NBC, the only network to make a profit last year, also boasts the whitest programming. 2.The WB’s Felicity draws similar numbers of 18- to 49- year-olds as the net’s two highest- rated black series, The Steve Harvey Show and The Jamie Foxx Show. But last season, Felicity commanded about $80,000 per 30 second commercial while The Steve Harvey Show and The Jamie Foxx Show each drew less than $40,000 for an equivalent spot. 3.The WB lost 20 percent of its black 18- to 49-year-old viewers last season yet will earn record ad revenue this fall.The facts do not lie and it’s a wonder why none of the ad execs EW interviewed would go on record. Because the position they are defending is borderline racist: White viewers are worth more than black viewers, they won’t talk about it. And the studios share a similarly narrow view: Networks generate less ad money from â€Å"black† shows, so they pay less to the studio. Plus potential revenue from reruns and international sales of black series are smaller. Second excuse is the plethora of networks today. Back in the old days there were only three broadly programmed networks. That all changed in the late 80’s with the launch of Fox, a network that found early success targeting minorities with shows like â€Å"In Living Color† and â€Å"Martin†. WB and UPN followed in ’95, allowing NBC, CBS, and ABC to edge away from the genre.Show MoreRelatedMinority Report Film Analysis1070 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Spielberg’s 2002 science fiction mystery thriller Minority Report, is an interesting commentary on the age old struggle for human beings to find a balance between our desire for freedom and our need for security. The premise of the film is that in the future, 2954 to be exact, the city of Washington, D.C. has instituted a pre-crime police unit which harnesses the â€Å"powers† of three young people with precognition to detect murders before they happen. The main character is police chief JohnRead MoreMinority Report Film Analysis1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe film Minority Report catalyzes a specific message through its usage of film effects and actors. Dystopian films are created through the film’s plot, often enforcing an over-arching method of government corruption and control through its setting, actors, and specific lighting. These key elements utilize the overall tone of the film, and it is the specific use of actors and technicians that ultimately set the film up for success. Minority Report exploits this usage of blocking and setting in orderRead More The Evolution of Minorities in Film Essay1778 Words   |  8 PagesThe Evolution of Minorities in Film Back in the 1800’s, when calculating the population, African Americans were counted as 3/5 of a person (Antonia, p2). One would think that in the past two hundred years people’s beliefs would have changed a little bit, but the general white public are stuck into believing the common stereotypes commonly portrayed in movies. In films and television shows blacks are almost always portrayed as murderers, robbers, rapists, pretty much anything negative, likeRead MoreThe Misrepresentation Of Minorities For The Mainstream Film Industry1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe misrepresentation of minorities for the sake of the mainstream film industry has existed since the foundation of the Hollywood industry. While the industry favors the white male as the ideal for audiences to cheer towards victory, those who once played both racist and stereotypical characters are now taking the opportunity to speak out against the mainstream ideal. Out of the several minority groups working to c hange the definition of mainstream media to favor minorities, â€Å"†¦ the recent expansionRead MoreFilm Analysis: The Minority Report Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages The Minority Report is a film that tries to stop crimes before they happen, with the enlistment of 3 teen pre-cogs. These pre-cogs predict future murders and the authorities swoop in and arrest the would-be murders, before they have the chance of committing the crime. Even thing goes great until Anderton, a cop played by Tom Cruise, is suspected. Written by Philip K. Dick and then turned to film by Steven Spielberg in 2002, the short story to film became a success. Though there are many differencesRead MoreFilm Analysis of Minority Report Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesaction and another, his freedom to seek good and avoid evil. The animal has no freedom, but is determined by physical and biological laws; like a machine, the animal responds whenever the appropriate stimulus is present† (Bolles 1963, p.182). In Minority Report (2002) one of the main issues is free will versus determinism. Is there some point that people can and do change their mind while committing an act? I n the movie, the police have the right to arrest and charge citizens that have been determinedRead More Discrimination and Misrepresentation of Minority Races in Film2457 Words   |  10 Pagesand Misrepresentation of Minority Races in Film Racists often believe that alternative races are inferior. Stuart Hall, an expert in the field of cultural studies who is also interested in media studies, believes that it is difficult to completely eliminate race as a floating signifier because it is impossible to remove the obvious physical differences of distinct races. These distinctions are made increasingly aware by filmmakers to their audiences in such films as West Side Story, BirthRead MoreA Comparative Study On The Film The Minority Movie 1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Minority Report movie is about a dubious yet powerful Pre-Crime program utilizes psychic visions to imprison potential killers before they have acted. The film is worried with the blemishes and disappointments of equity and science against the background of wrongful conviction, mass imprisonment, DNA innovation and preventive detainment actually warehousing criminals on the guise of future risky conduct. While a pre crime unit that tries individuals in light of violations they have not yet dedicatedRead More Controversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation1068 Words   |  5 PagesControversial Minority Representation in the Film, Birth Of a Nation       Birth of a Nation was a film that broke several artistic boundaries in the film industry yet was seen as the most racist film of any generation. This has caused it to be a film under heavy debate since its release in 1915. One can never look past the racist depictions that this film portrays in it. However, to truly understand the film and explore its importance in the study of minorities in film, one must look at this film fromRead More Minority Report: Film vs. Short Story Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesMinority Report: Film vs. Short Story Mutant humans, nicknamed precogs, have visions of future crimes. An entire police force is dedicated to interpreting these visions and catching the future criminals before they commit these foreseen crimes. Commissioner John A. Anderton was the creator of this institution called Precrime in New York City and has a strong pride in his work. Everything had seemed to be a success, there had not been a murder for five years, but it all starts to fall

Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne Free Essays

Critics of early American literature argue that, â€Å"the conflict present in early American Literature is internal,† and that it, â€Å"is often presented as having a cosmic scale,† with â€Å"characters [who] are often alienated and isolated† (class handout).   These internal conflicts take place in the protagonists’ minds and they drive the plot’s action by focusing on struggles about the very nature of life so that the characters pitted against them suffer from their problems on a personal level thereby rendering them utterly alone and separate from other characters. It is their loneliness in a time of mental anguish that creates the drama and suspense necessary for reflecting the interior action of the story that leads to a reader’s understanding of the character is split in arriving at a solution to the problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two authors that support this idea are Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe.   Both authors tend to focus on protagonists that are both figurative and literally split from society and suffering emotionally from internal struggles over choices and actions of their pasts.   Moreover, these two authors’ characters demonstrate conflicts that examine the consequences of past acts on the present and the grand schemes of their lives. Edgar Allen Poe’s story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is one example of this type of internal conflict and its effects on the character, Roderick Usher.   This story uses the gothic elements of the dark, depressing setting to communicate the isolation of first Roderick and Madeline Usher and then the story’s protagonist and narrator whose mental capacities weaken within the diseased setting of the Usher household.   The narrator seeks to help his friend, Roderick Usher overcome some mysterious malady described as, â€Å"some oppressive secret, to divulge which he struggled for the necessary courage†Ã‚   (cite here). Clearly, Poe creates the idea of Usher’s desire to overcome an internal conflict of cosmic proportions, but by the end of the story it is the narrator who has become isolated in a struggle to overcome an internal conflict created in the dark, empty hours of his time spent in the alienated and spiritless world of the Usher’s once grand house.   The conflict that never fully materializes culminates in the narrator’s discovery of the evil working of Roderick Usher upon his â€Å"sick† sister, Madeline and his complicity in burying her alive and the witnessing of Roderick’s well-planned death alongside his sister in her tomb. His conscience then splits like the Usher house and choosing good over evil, the narrator resolves his conflict when he, â€Å"fled aghast† from the house as it shook and crumbled to the ground.   His survival and surmounting of the internal struggle he helped to create as he sought ways to help his sick friend is shown through his retelling of the story from a present perspective that recognized the horror and emotional torture of his the conflict that moved forward the story’s action. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story, Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† presents another example of a character who suffers from an internal conflict of cosmic proportions that leads to his isolation from the rest of society.   Dr. Heidegger possesses an elixir that when consumed reverses aging and renders people young again.   He tempts others with its seductive promises of eternal youth but he does not desire that state for himself; he is content to live reflect the decay of his study, â€Å"a dim, old fashioned chamber, festooned with cobwebs, and besprinkled with antique dust†Ã‚   (Hawthorne). Dr, Heidegger’s interest in the potion is only its ability to breathe life into a faded, fifty-year-old rose given to him by his love that has long since died.   His guests are only a part of his experiment to create a potion strong enough to give everlasting life to his rose so that it may accompany him to death, â€Å"’My poor Sylvia’s rose!’ ejaculated Dr. Heidegger, holding it in the light of the sunset clouds† (Hawthorne). Upon the realization of his failure and his miserable, lonely struggle to bring back the past and the love it bore, he resolves his internal misery with the realization that the rose is no less beautiful dead than alive.   He states, â€Å"I love it as well thus† at the moment he concludes that it is really Sylvia that he loved and the rose, in its withered state was nothing more than a symbol of that love. Both Poe and Hawthorne are known for creating story’s with characters who suffer internal conflicts against dark, depressing setting that support deeply disturbing atmospheres and moods.   Moreover, their characters grapple with issues that seek to answer questions that have no solutions available to man.   They only resolve their internal struggles when they recognize the futility of their struggles. The narrator in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and Dr. Heidegger in â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† reflect critics ideas about early American literature’s treatment of conflict and its impact upon individuals who find themselves utterly alone and alienated through the choices they made.   The horror of this realization leads them to ultimately resolve and overcome the misery they are responsible for cultivating.       How to cite Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne, Essay examples

Restaurant review free essay sample

Did you know that â€Å" approximately 1. 53 billion gallons of ice cream and related frozen desserts were produced in the U. S in 20ll† (proquest)? Entrepreneurs across the country have opened thousands of frozen yogurt stores exploiting a nationwide health craze by promoting low fat deliciousness; resulting in a bloodbath of competition and demand. The secret luring customers in by the hundreds are low prices and the fact that the yogurt practically tastes like ice cream (Blumenthal, wsjonline). The use of milk rather then cream is the magic formula that gives frozen yogurt a less fattening mouth-watering taste. North Carolina has joined the nationwide frozen yogurt kick with three frozen yogurt shops every ten miles. Feeney’s frozen yogurt shop in Greensboro is one of the states biggest competitors. Pulling into the parking lot to Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt, one would be quick to judge the experience they are about to have. Stuck between a massive Harris Teeter and less impressive Papa John’s Pizza, Feeney’s ordinary white sign outside with a questionable pink and green frozen yogurt symbol of some sort, my expectation were immediately set low. We will write a custom essay sample on Restaurant review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is a perfect example of the famous saying â€Å" don’t judge a book by its cover. Once you overcome the generic outside display and walk through the glass door that reads open, the first step inside feels like you are standing in one of the rooms in Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory. The first thing you see when you walk into Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is an overwhelmingly cute set up. Between the Easter pale green walls accompanied by playful circle designs and bright pink pillars the tone is set for lighthearted and fun atmosphere. Walking down the main isle where there are about five or six little circle tables with very retro cream-colored chairs, one can’t help but feel bubbly in this small room. Although the front of the store is pleasant to the eye, the back of the shop is where the action happens as you prepare to make your own frozen yogurt delicious creation. Frozen yogurt shops have become the modern day reinvention of ice cream parlors. What makes these shops so trendy and innovative is a self-serving process, in which the customer practically does everything. Self-serving is becoming a growing trend especially in the  frozen yogurt industry due to our self-sufficient society, however not everyone has fallen in love with the process like they have with frozen yogurt. Critics of self serving bring up the point that, â€Å"the labor costs, meanwhile, are minimal. Like Tom Sawyer with his whitewashed fence, self-serve shops get their customers to do all the workand have them pay for the privile ge† (Kadet, wsjonline). Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is known for their self-serve style since 2010 when the first shopped opened, and became North Carolina’s first self-serve frozen yogurt bar. If you are planning to take your family to a sit down style place, with a strong emphasis on personal encounters and frequent customer server interactions, Feeney’s is not your desired destination. The only interactions you really have with the staff is briefly at the register and in passing either when they hold the door or clean your table for you. On the upside during my experiences, the few staff working at the time was perfectly pleasant and friendly. Despite the mix reviews on self serving, personally I thought the process of making your own cup, solely off of what your taste buds are craving is what makes frozen yogurt at Feeney’s so much fun. It is almost impossible to go into a frozen yogurt shop without tasting all of their flavors, I mean is that not the point of having sampler cups out tempting the public? Taste testing is that initial period of time when the customer decides if the frozen yogurt being presented is worth a dent in your wallet. Feeney’s frozen yogurt uses the element of surprise by having different flavors to choose from every time. On March 6th, 2014 I had eight flavors to chose from: strawberry, chocolate, French vanilla, cherry limeade sorbet, rice crispy treat, iced coffee, butter pecan, and peach cream tart. While Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is one of the most liked frozen yogurt places in Greensboro, it is definitely a hit or miss kind of ordeal when it comes to good flavors. For a restaurant to be perfect, one must love every item on the menu. Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is not perfect, but then again is anything? When I think of eating a cup of Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt, my mouth instantaneously begins to water. However a few of their flavors just did not pass my taste test. The strawberry frozen yogurt was the only low fat option for that day. I do not know if it was the lack of fattening ingredients but something made the strawberry frozen yogurt far from enjoyable. The first words that came to my head after trying it were tart, flavorless, and soupy. The consistency, which is one of the most important elements of all frozen desserts, was all wrong. Instead of smooth and thick soft serve ice cream texture, the strawberry frozen yogurt came out of the machine loose and runny. The first bite was satisfactory if you did not know what flavor you were supposed to be trying. After a couple more bites your taste buds are pissed and ready for a new flavor. My suggestion would be if your set on getting the strawberry frozen yogurt to mix it with the French vanilla, it gives the lack of flavor the extra kick it needs. I thought the strawberry was Feeney’s least desirable flavor on the menu, but then I unfortunately tried the cherry limeade sorbet frozen yogurt, making me question which one was worse. Frozen yogurt is known to be creamy and rich, but when one tries to turn frozen yogurt into sorbet the end result is disastrous. The cherry limeade sorbet tastes like a mixture between cough syrup and a lemonade that has sat out in the hot sun for hours turning into a mixture of syrup flavoring and melted ice. Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt is the kind of place where you must strike out a few times in order to find true deliciousness. On any day I would recommend either the French vanilla or rice crispy treat frozen yogurt whose tastes are so good it can be overwhelming. When indulging in these two flavors it is impossible to decipher that you are eating yogurt rather then ice cream. The French vanilla was a perfect combination of sweet vanilla with that classic tartness of frozen yogurt. Even after a cup full of one flavor, I was not tired of it; if my stomach were not full I would have helped myself to two more servings. On the other hand the rice crispy treat literally tasted like all the marshmallow goodness of a rice crispy treat was frozen and turned into an amazing frozen yogurt. The rice crispy treat especially was a taste you cannot find at every frozen yogurt shop in Greensboro, a must have Feeney’s original. As I approach the toppings buffet to load onto my cup of frozen yogurt I stop and think to myself, what is it about frozen yogurt that is so much more appealing then ice cream these days? I then think back to the low fat strawberry frozen yogurt flavor, and immediately make the connection. American’s associate frozen yogurt with a healthy choice for those unavoidable sweet tooth cravings. â€Å"Like many fads, the first frozen-yogurt craze, in the 1980s and 1990s, was immortalized in a sitcom. With low-fat being the burgeoning health mantra, Jerry Seinfeld and Elaine Benes gleefully gorge on frozen yogurt, only to realize theyve gained 15 pounds between them† (Budak, Proquest). But how can something that taste so good be healthy? There is no question that America struggles with obesity and all the medical consequences associated with being overweight, this epidemic is also a source of concern for many north Carolinians. â€Å"The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased in both North Carolina and the US over the past decade. One in 4 adults in North Carolina are obese today, with 62% of those aged 50 years and older being designated as over- weight or obese† (NC Med Journal). However the problem of obesity is not only a fear among adults in North Carolina. The American Heart Association did a study of 3,203 children from the age of eight to seventeen in rural North, which showed that fourteen percent of rural children have three early risk factors for diabetes and heart disease, which is more evidence that proves poor eating and exercise habits affect health early (Middleton, wsjonline). However a new wave of American’s are striving to make a difference, fight obesity, and eat more nutritiously. According to a business report by Eating Patterns in America, there are a number of hopeful signs about Americans diets; â€Å"Twenty-seven percent of people surveyed said they were aware of calories in their meals, the highest level since 1999. The percentage of Americans concerned about sugar in their diets was up and a majority said it was important for their foods to be fresh† (wsjonline). The first step in the right direction for many American’s was cutting back on ice cream, and investing in frozen yogurt. The American fixation with diet and health has fueled a dramatic increase in sales of frozen desserts with fewer calories and less fat than regular ice cream. Frozen yogurt is the face of nutritious frozen desserts as sales of frozen yogurt have increased by 30 percent in the last three years (Burros, Nytimes). The frozen yogurt industry has tapped into and fully embellished the symbol as a healthier choice to frozen desserts. The question that lingers in your head after you devour a cup of Feeney’s frozen yogurt is how healthy is it really. The answer is not that healthy, â€Å"you’ll find yogurt is mostly sold by the ounce, with huge self-serve cups and a dizzying array of toppings that guarantee to transform a relatively healthy dessert into a sweetastic 5,000 calorie frightmare† (Kadet, Wall Street Journal).â€Å"Yes, TCBY has been selling soft-serve frozen yogurt for decades. But now chains like Red Mango, Pinkberry, and smaller competitors like Tangysweet, Yogurberry, and YoBerry have carved out a new niche: tart low-fat or fat-free frozen yogurt that you can embellish with toppings like fresh fruit, granola, and dark chocolate instead of hot fudge, sprinkles, and candy† (Nutrition Action Health Letter). But the second you see the assortment of toppings Fee ney’s Frozen Yogurt has to choose from, other competitors just seem pathetic. Most frozen yogurt places I go to, my biggest complaint is the fruit toppings don’t look or taste fresh and the toppings station is a mess. However, at Feeney’s this was not a problem. The toppings station is split up into a bunch of different sections, partly because there are so many options to choose from. First there is an assortment of fresh juicy cubes of fruit like strawberry, banana, kiwi, and blueberry. Next you can choose from an assortment of toppings, I’d suggest cheesecake crumbs, cookie dough bites, fruit bursts, or grinded up Oreo. The next station is a collection of syrups: peanut butter, strawberry sauce, marshmallow fluff, caramel, and every shake on topping one could think of: coconut shredding, MM’s, chocolate sprinkles, rainbow sprinkles, you name it. Finally, lined up on the wall next to the register are dispensers of any and all candy you might of missed out on. As I loaded fattening topping after fattening topping onto my frozen yogurt, I immediately found myself conforming into frozen yogurt’s reputation for healthfulness, whether it has enough active bacteria cultures to be beneficial or filled with bits of Heath bar. I became one of those people who think yogurt added to chocolate cakes and candy bars makes them good for you (Burros, Nytimes). Feeney’s frozen yogurt has the foundation of healthy eating with low fat options, but the second you come across their toppings, any efforts of having a healthy snack will go out the door. But if you are really trying to stay healthy, don’t cut back on the yogurt you will regret it, just hit the gym afterwards! A restaurants product is not the only thing that makes or breaks the experience. If you come into Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt shop for a pit stop after a long car ride and need to â€Å"relieve† yourself, the bathroom in the back of the small frozen yogurt shop will make you want to hold it in for another hour. Although the front and main part of the shop is spotless and completely sanitary, I think they hide the one-person male and female bathrooms all the way in the back for a reason. The second you step into the bathroom you forget you are in Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt shop. If the not flushed single toilet, broken sink, no  mirror, and the only toilet paper is used and scattered on the floor did not turn you away the musky ancient lingering smell masking bad odors will. Feeney’s bathroom is a place of desperation and to only be used for an emergency. The bathroom is shameful, but every other aspect of Feeney’s overweighs the bad. Feeney’s is a family owned and operated business, which means they strive for good quality yogur t at a cheap price, and a fun and friendly environment. I immediately got this vibe when I walked into the yogurt shop for the first time. The place was not too full for a Thursday afternoon, but there were enough people in there to tell customers come in and out constantly. Between the clientele being all families with younger children, and pink and green color scheme on the walls, you immediately get a sense of warmth and community oriented while enjoying a cup of frozen yogurt. In the back of the store hanging on a wall is a bulletin board that reads community spotlight, in which flyers and articles about the Greensboro community are hung for all the customer’s to glance at. From a customer angle this was an extremely nice touch and reminder of the strong bond Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt has with Greensboro area. Feeney’s Frozen Yogurt Very Good Garden Creek Center, 1603 New Garden Road Greensboro, NC 27410, (336)-617-5874 Atmosphere: A green and pinked color scheme covers every inch of wall in this small frozen yogurt shop giving it a fun, youthful, and colorful ambiance Sound Level: Bearable depending on the customers (expect typical loud children during busy hours) Recommended Dishes: The flavors are constantly changing. Rice Crispy Treat and French Vanilla are delicious. You can’t go wrong with any of the toppings, but the fruit is always fresh and adds flavor. Price Ranges: They weigh your cup so varies with how much you want. Anywhere from $3 to $7. Hours: Sunday-Thursday 11:30 am- 9:30 pm Friday-Saturday 11:30 am-10:00 pm Service: Kind, self serve style restaurant so no real interactions with staff happen except for at register Work Cited Restaurant Review free essay sample The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant Review Charlotte Perkins Professor Alexandra Alessandri English 1101 11 October 2011 Charlotte Perkins Professor Alexandra Alessandri ENC 1101 6 November 2011 The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant Review The sweet smell of garlic, tickles your nose as you park your car. Its sweet aroma guides your taste buds to the unassuming establishments were the Italian flavor lingers in the air. First Impression: The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant lives up to its name. When you first drive up, the parking spaces are tight and the area is very crapped. But once you are seated and begin your dining experience you forget about all the things that are not ideal and enjoy the delicious meals that comes at the right time. For starters, the boys wanted Calamari ($9. 95), 12- Wings ($9. 95) and the adults had Caesar Salad-Full Order ($9. 95). We knew immediately that we were in trouble with the amount of food that was placed on the table in front of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Restaurant Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Calamari was fresh and not chewy according to the boys, it didn’t last long enough for the adults to taste. The Caesar Salad was absolutely phenomenal. The full size serving feed all three adults and the boys. The lettuce was nice and crisp, the hint of anchovy was just enough to have the essence hit the taste buds with just the right amount of bite. The cracked pepper gave it the right amount of spice and the dressing was sufficient to cover without drowning out the croutons. The addition of red onions to the salad enhanced the overall taste of the salad and we had a hard time stopping. Ambience: The patio is an ideal spot if you have children so they can make a mess and you won’t feel bad. The lighting was just enough to calm the energy that had built up during the week, but enough so that you could see everyone around you. Ambience is what you would expect if your dining expectation is one of a family oriented community restaurant that serves excellent food at a fast pace. Entree: Our entrees included Stromboli ($9. 50), Calzone-Family Size ($28. 95) and X-Large Pie ($19. 75). All the entrees came just as we finished the wings and calamari. We had encountered difficulty finishing the Caesar Salad. The combination of pepperoni, mushrooms, sausage, onions, green peppers , black olives, ham and mozzarella complimented each other as the flavors and remnants oozed out of the fresh dough. The red sauce that accompanied the Calzone had an extra hint of garlic which is the aroma that is used in many of the dishes that came past our table. It was very hard concentrating on what we order when all the dishes that came past us smelled and looked so good. Dessert: Tiramisu and Double Chocolate Mousse Cake called from the menu. Since the meal was so filling, we took our dessert home. The next morning the tiramisu was just as I expected with the right amount of liqueur. My taste buds were not disappointed and although it was not intended for breakfast, I was completely satisfied with my choice of desserts. They are a sponsor for the University of Miami and it shows. The takeout counter has a bristling business on a Friday night. Many of the patrons at the restaurant were donning U of M jerseys and the like. Our bottle of water had the University of Miami logo on the face and we were happy to support the restaurants sponsorship of the football program. Service: Our server was excellent. She made suggestions when we were torn on the dishes and provide recommendations for the Calzone and Stromboli. The Big Cheese Restaurant is an establishment that we will definitely frequent again. The total cost of meals, dessert and drinks were $120. 81 for a party of 5. Considering that we order enough food to feed a small army and most of it was take home, the cost was very economical. The next day a half of pizza pie was consumed by the boys because they could only eat two slices and each adult tried a slice with extreme difficulty.

King Richard 3 essays

King Richard 3 essays Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Mankind must learn to live together as brothers and sisters or perish together as fools writes Haisong Lu In our terrestrial globe, dishonesty seems to rule in every aspect of our society. Whether it is in our business world, sporting events or political arena, corruption is dominant as ever. There is a question left to concern: To whom do we turn for moral and ethical leadership? In the olden time, people certainly wont turn for King Richard 3, because he is ambitious and ruthless. Whereas, in the present time, we certainly wont turn for Prime Minister John Howard and President George Bush. Because we have been horribly deceived in Howards defense on the children overboard scandal. While currently, George Bush is rallying decisively to win support from allies and congress for a military strike against Iraq. In Richard the 3, the vicious man would do almost anything to fulfill his ambitious deeds. In the opening of the play, he stated clearly I am determined to prove a villain. His principle was those who submit would prosper and those who resist shall perish. Richards ultimate ambition was to obtain the crown for himself, but there are many obstacles. Richard to some extent dislikes the pleasure of peace and he eager for conflicts and war. He plotted successfully to have his brother Clarence imprisoned in the Tower of London, Clarence died because he has a big chance to succeed the throne. When Richard becomes the king, he is corruptive as ever. He incited Buckingham his right hand man to arrange an immediate murder of the little prince of Edward the 3. I wish the bustards dead. Buckingham was shocked and asked for a leave to consider. Later, he fled to Richmond. Angry Richard ordered Tyrell to assassinate the little prince. When Tyrell accomplished the mission, he was so r ...

Proved vs. Proven

Proved vs. Proven Proved vs. Proven Proved vs. Proven By Maeve Maddox Several readers have asked for clarification on the words proved and proven. Both are forms of the verb prove: â€Å"to demonstrate or establish as true.† As a regular transitive verb, prove has the following principal parts: prove (present) proved (simple past) have proved (past participle) proving (present participle) The form proven is an irregular past participle form. One can say either, He has proved his theory, or He has proven his theory. According the OED, proven is â€Å"the usual form [of the past participle] in Scottish English and also the preferred form in current North American English.† That’s not to say that it doesn’t appear in British publications: James Milner says that Manchester City have proven that they can win ugly The Daily Mail Here is a sampling from the Web. It’s not always possible to discern the country of origin: We’ve proved that we can’t be trusted with setting passwords. [Pope] Francis has proven to be a crowd favorite for many young people. Women have proved that they can win the race. Barry Beach has proven himself an asset to community, deserving of clemency Brandon High has proven to be the community’s leadership institute Quality early education has proven economic benefit for community The Chicago Manual of Style and the AP Stylebook advise against the use of proven as a past participle, but Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage) opines that, â€Å"For most purposes either form is a fine past participle of prove† Proven as an adjective preceding a noun is standard in both British and American usage: Five Proven Facts that Make Yoga Awesome This Politician is a Proven Liar Capaldi [the new Dr. Who] is a fine actor, who has a proven track record in comedy and drama To sum up: Proved is the past tense of the verb prove. Both proved and proven are are acceptable as past participle forms. British and some American style guides recommend proved as the only past participle, admitting of established set phrases like â€Å"innocent until proven guilty.† Proven as an adjective preceding a noun is standard usage in both British and American usage. Pronunciation note: Americans pronounce the adjective proven with the same â€Å"oo† vowel as prove: [PROOV-n]. British speakers pronounce proven with a long o: [PRO-vn] Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Testimony vs. Testimonial

What is art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is art - Essay Example This is what can be defined as aesthetics. These two dominant roles are meant to complement and balance each other in any artwork. Any artwork is said to have a hidden function that often helps educate people about nature and help them fulfill the emotions and spiritual needs of human beings. Therefore form complements functionality by following emotions and adding aesthetic appeal. However some school of thoughts has claimed that art is predominantly defined by aesthetics. Art is not about understanding a piece of work, therefore if one cannot read the contents in a piece does not mean that they cannot appreciate it. Symbolism or iconography both entails identification and interpretation of the subject matter in any artwork. Appreciating a piece of art requires an open mind thereby leaving it open to interpretation and thus lies the beauty in it.in a piece that is not easily understandable or readable, beauty is derived from the creation of visual experience or basically its aesthetic form. Plato described art as an imitation of nature. This means an artist is influenced and driven by elements of nature. Art according to the definition can be influenced by many factors such as experience, imagination and even imitation. Creativity consist of the ability to combine ideas in a unique way and make a useful association; it comes from human imagination as well as outside forces like nature and experiences and creates originality.Creativity and imitation are mutually exclusive in that creativity can also inspired by other peoples work. Imitation in art is as a result of a connection between the original artist and the imitator; the imitator may try to show a certain side and expression that was not in a piece of work originally. Imitation therefore is influenced by originality thus a form of art in itself. Imitation has been used by many influential artists to restore damaged artefacts like Apollo statuette (Richter 204), imitation is a key to survival of art and it

Data Warehouse Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Data Warehouse Project Management - Essay Example To understand the various nuances of Data Warehouses in real time implementation, we studied the data warehouse implementation of DePaul university. This report aims at presenting the various data warehouse development and management features that were put in to effect while developing the data warehouse for the university. Certain roles specific to data warehouse development such as DW SDLC, construction of Data Marts when needed, ETL, Optimizations and Reporting are analyzed in detail. No data warehouse comes with a certain guarantee off success. The volume of implementation itself is many a times a reason for a DW failure. Therefore this paper also looks at the various risk factors involved in the development of the data warehouse for De Paul University. DePaul was founded in 1898 and is named for a 17th-century French priest, St. Vincent De Paul. The university has an enrollment of 23,149 students, 1,521 full time and part time professors and more than 125,000 alumni worldwide. At DePaul, students, faculty and alumni come together to form an environment that is welcoming and inclusive. The rich mix of heritages, experiences, interests and aspirations of its students and faculty help make the DePaul community one of a kind. To credit all its worth, in 1999 and 2003, the Princeton Review ranked DePaul students as â€Å"the happiest in the nation†. In 2007, Entrepreneur magazine ranked DePauls undergraduate program seventh and graduate program fifth, among the nations top entrepreneurship programs. DePaul is the ninth-largest private, not-for-profit university in the nation. Among those 10, all except DePaul are classified as "research extensive" universities, making DePaul the nations largest university with a primary mission of teaching and service. DePaul intends to become one of the finest urban, Catholic universities of the United States. Resolute in its Vincentian mission to make an extraordinary education

Applied Research Technologies Incorporation Analysis

Applied Research Technologies Incorporation Analysis Introduction of Case study:- The case study is about the Applied Research Technologies Incorporation, which is an emerging corporation in the field of technology. Company has built up its strength from mergers and acquisitions in the year of 1980 and 1990. As a result, in the year of 2006, the ART portfolio consist of 60 business units having major divisions of Industrial automation, Health care, HVAC (Heating ventilation and air conditioning) and Water management Division. Backbone of the business:- Innovative Culture:- The company success is based on the innovative environment and friendly culture for the entrepreneur mind people. The encouragement for innovative ideas can be idealized from the fact that company spends double money on supporting innovative ideas from the other industrial companies. This innovative culture comes from the top, because the CEO (David Hall) encourage employees to spend half day in a week in brainstorming, problem solving and experimenting which is referred as tinker time. According to the CEO, he likes to have meetings of managers and innovators so that new ideas emerged. According to him, it is the fact that you will not succeed every time but we should celebrate worthy attempts even they are unsuccessful. Knowledge Sharing:- Knowledge dissemination and sharing is also a promising picture that reflects the cooperative culture of the company. Experts of different department help each other in the successful completion of the project as well as problem solving. Funding to entrepreneurial ideas:- As discussed earlier, company serve significant amount of resources on innovative ideas. Whenever an idea comes which successfully complete the beta batch production and market potential analysis process also called proof of concept, quickly the resources are put behind the idea. CEO of the company wanted to minimize the period from the emergence of idea and the successful launching of commercial product. To convert this idea into reality company introduce a program which is referred as fast track pipeline, the main purpose behind this activity is to provide additional resources for the high priority projects. Competitive targets and executive compensation:- As the structure of the company belief on decentralized decision making, so to coordinate the activities toward the completion of business as well as corporate goal highly performance targets are set followed by executive compensation. In 2006, the company gives the target referred to as 10(sale growth 10%)/ 15(pretax margin 15%)/ 20(return on investment). Work force Diversity:- CEO of the company wanted to have a global presence. For this, he not only want to expand his business in different geographical areas but also to open its branches in different areas to grasp the talent and utilize for the further development of the company. In response to this idea, RD group of ART has opened Indian Technical Center (ITC) in 2000. Filtration Unit:- Our main area of discussion is regarding Filtration unit that struggled hard to reach at a success level. This business has been acquired in 1996 from oil and gas Service Company. Its core products are relating to the Government requirement of recycling of water at drilling sites and well heads. A change comes into this business when a 32 years old manager is hired for this unit called Vyas. Having an enthusiastic personality, he immediately starts hiring innovative and creative mind people into his team. Janice Wagner is one of those hired people who have already worked as marketing department of HVAC division of ART Inc. Small scale Oxidation Unit:- Vyas has a strong belief that innovation is the key to success. So to make an innovative culture more strong, he hires a team of technology evaluation. During his review of current and some near past project, he came to know that ITC was working on a project of water purification for developing countries water problem. This small scale oxidation project had been set aside because of increased cost. Market analysis:- Vyas closely review the project and convinced that it could be a considerable idea. ITC was so much motivated and developed a promising design of the product. They claimed that this product can process approximately 2000 liters of unhygienic water. Vyas was quiet satisfied that the product would be a successful one but he also asked Wagner to arrange a brief market analysis. After her analysis, he pointed out some facts: Only 2.5% pure water was available in the World and most of them was frozen. 1.1 billion people suffered due unavailability of pure water. 3.1 Million (90% children) people had been died in 2002 as a result of diarrheal diseases. On these finding and promising design of product enforced Vyas to pursue the project. In result he gave a go ahead sign to ITC technicians and also asked Wagner to make a comprehensive market analysis of potential customer, so that the product would be developed according to the target market demand. After market assessment, she give the report about target customer. In his report he pointed out following customer. For Developing Countries: Purified water is required for drinking. For USA Residential landscape irrigation. Disaster relief. Military. Commercial landscape irrigation. Farms etc. She also claimed that many other industries of China, Europe, Canada and USA were trying researching on this type of product but our design was probably the superior one. First generation product:- Vyas team targeted the developing countries customer who suffered from infected water. Team contacted with funding agencies and made the small scale oxidation system for field testing. This was unfortunate that regardless of too much research and hard work behind the product, it was failed because of significant smell was still found out in the purified water. In the result, funding agencies rejected the projected. Second generation product:- Although the failure of the product was a big disaster for the Vyas, but he came up with a new enthusiasm and tried to turn the tables over. The team decided to work for another group of potential customers that was mentioned in Wager market analysis report. In this time they wanted to manufacture a product for military and disaster relief NGO, s. They refocus all their efforts and at the end they succeeded to overcome the odor problem. But in this time problem caught them in another way, due to high power requirement a frequent battery replacement was a necessary outcome. So, no order would be expedited in near future. Third generation product:- It is the reality that there were two consecutive failures but the Vyas team still thought that it was not the end of story. They made up a new plan and demanded $2 Million. A new six person development team was designed by Vyas who had smart project management and leading skills. The team work tirelessly for the completion of three phase model of Cynthia Jackson (Vice President of Water Management Division). Cynthia Jackson gave a three phase model for third generation product: Market analysis. Technological development. Business planning. Phase 1: Market analysis and product concept:- Before starting the product idea, Wagner took the responsibility of market research of product. This time focus was on the residential water purification. In this sector, she wanted to analyze that cushion was available in domestic agriculture applications or not. She found in her research that there was a water scarcity problem in the Western and Southeastern region of USA. Due to this reason government imposed restriction on the usage of water for residential irrigation. Also, when the water was used for irrigation then the lower quality water could be accepted. It was also indicated in the research that domestic water treatment market generate sale of app $9 Billion. Also, sprinkler units available in the market were ranging from $1800 $4000. So Wagner was quiet sure about the positive response of the market regarding this product. After the research had been made, the team compiled the results and for the Residential irrigation mini-oxidation system (RIMOS) decided a retail price of $2000. But there would be significant discount on price per acre for Agriculture irrigation large oxidation system (AILOS). Vyas and Wagner formed a formal report including all the research analysis and recommendation of the prices for the approval from Jackson. Jackson response on the research was not satisfactory. She had concerns on many issue. After reviewing all the report, she advised the team to reduce the cost of the project either by rejecting RIMOS or AILOS. Vyas and his team agreed upon the rejection of AILOS and decided to unite the efforts for the success of RIMOS project. Phase 2: Initial design and product specification:- Vyas and his team immediately started working on prototype. They should restrict the design in such a way that the cost remain at the level, given in the research. They wanted to convert the design of generation one product into the new product for irrigation. The managers had to face many challenges; one of them was a situation of misunderstanding between researchers team of India and United States. The conflicting point was the delay in production design deadline. The Indian researcher had clarified that wanted to develop a design that satisfy the needs of the customer. They clarified that there is no need to rush and the product design would be finalized after proper testing. The reason behind such a watchful way of developing the design was the threat of failure and that was not acceptable in any case. Jackson was quiet satisfied because the team showed their strong willingness and put efforts for the success of product. But she also advised to use the full internal resources of ART Company. Vyas found out managers and engineers with the help of Jackson form HVAC and Healthcare divisions who coordinate with the team. They suggested some production specification and design changes with resulted in the cost reduction. Phase # 3: Business Plan:- The business plan was a real challenge for Vyas and his team. Anyhow they put all their efforts and made a sale projection, cost elimination plan, product concept, marketing plan and cost projections for RIMOS. They also still believe that there was a big market of water purification for the underdeveloped countries waiting for them. Although the team worked with full commitment but Jackson challenged the pro forma report of financials and instructed the team to review the assumptions given in the report. On the other hand, Vyas and Wagner were pretty sure that the research was quiet satisfactory and had been worked out with due diligence by technological and manufacturing experts. Jackson was also concerned about the price of $2000 and advised Vyas to closely observe the risk linked with it. So, the teams also made a risk assessment. The results showed that: Company should take a close look at beta batch that helps to reduce flaws. Price could be justifiable by increased water efficiency. Competition could be low because of the global impact of ART, its after sale service, distribution channel and supplier relationship. Market acceptability could be increased by highlighting the ART name which has significant value in market. Also distribution channel of HVAC should be used. Decision for the project:- Vyas was still thinking whether to accept the proposal or to reject it. He knew that his team has the required potential for gaining success. His team was absolutely sure about the good performance. On the hand, Jackson heard from grapevine that Vyas had received the funding request of $2000. She was thinking over and over again what would her answer when Vyas came for approval. She knew that her action would be watched critically because many managers of her division think that filtration unit caused to much loss and this is the time to set aside the project. Porter Five Forces Analysis (Figure.1) Willingness to pay Value for the customer Porter five forces analysis consist of following: Price Bargaining power of customer. Bargaining power of Supplier. Threat of new entrance. Cost Competitive rivalry within an industry. Threat of substitute. Bargaining power of customer:- First of all we have to understand the logic behind power of customer. We can clarify our mind from the figure.1, if the price of the product is lower than the willingness to pay range, power of customer is low and vice versa. When we look at the whole scenario, we came to know that filtration made many researches regarding the target market. They have made the prototype for several times and for several types of products. Also a comprehensive study had been conducted to rightly identify the product price with respect to value given by the product. Now to comment on the power of customers, there are two divisions: Bargaining power of customer for first two generations: The product of first generation is highly demanded in the marked. Also the target market was quiet perfect for the product. If the prototype became successful in that time then bargaining power of the customer would be lower than supplier (also depend upon the price charged). Same would be the case with Second generation product. Although the product was a good solution for military and disaster relief activities but the price at sale cost will be very high. Customer had to spend too much money on continuous changing of the battery. Due to this reason customer may be on upper end. So the company realizes this fact before time and leaves this plan. Beginning power of the customer for third generation:- In the third which was under consideration, I believe that the product is a good solution for the customer and available on compatible price in relation to the competitors. As US government had imposed restriction on the landscape irrigation so for landscape irrigation people have to purchase these types of products. So there is a bid market available. Company also has brand equity because of its customer relationship, global presence and speedy efficient distribution channel. So, as the value of product is high, bargaining power of seller is also high. Bargaining power of supplier:- Bargaining power of supplier can also be described for the three scenarios separately. Bargaining power of supplier for first two generations:- Bargaining power of supplier would be very high for the supplier if the odor problem could be solved (also depend upon the price of the product) because the target market chosen by the supplier was quiet demanding for that kind of product. Same would be the case with second generation where target market was properly set, product had a value for the customers but in the end same problem occurs with the company and rather than solving the problem they start thinking for the new product. Bargaining power of the supplier for the third generation:- In this situation, if the product is launched successfully, bargaining power of suppliers will be slightly high. The reason behind that the value of the product will be high for the customers because of government restriction on water irrigation and compatible price. Also the company has its distinct value in the minds of customer regarding its quality, after sale services and distribution channel. Threat of new entrance:- Wagner had analyzed the market for the first generation and pointed out that many private and government sectors RD efforts had been in progress for the purification plant but finally she gave the remarks that our technology was the best amongst all up till that time. For second generation, cushion of success was available as Wagner had pointed out this factor in her analysis. For third generation product, competitors are already into action and new comers are also expected. But the advantage of the company is its compatible price, its global presence, distribution network and suppliers relationship as compared to the competitors. Competitive rivalry within an industry:- We can perceive from the case that competitive rivalry was very high in the first generation because Wagner analysis highlight the Europe, USA, China and Canada government and private sector companies, already working on such a product. But she was also sure that ART technology was far better than the competitors. Also the significant global presence of ART along with the enthusiastic distribution channel and after sale service increases the value of product in the eyes of customers. Competitive rivalry factor is always present in most of the industries dimensions. So this factor is also present in second generation. Competitors are already present in third generation product but as discussed earlier company has a distinguishable position in the market that leads towards high brand equity. Also price and quality of product is some what same as compared to the competitors of the market. So there are bright chances of the success in the market. Threat of substitute:- Substitutes are available for the generations but the technology and brand equity provides special edge to ART. The only lacking factor was the lack of consistency. When we take a look at the case, we came to know that when a problem occurs in the product they simply reject the product. The rational behavior should be that they have to think over the problem and solve it rather than leaving the project and put all the effort into loss. Pestle Analysis:- By Pestle analysis, we mean to say: P = Political analysis E = Economic analysis. S = Social analysis. T = Technology analysis. L = Legal analysis. E = Environmental analysis. I will explain each part separately. Political analysis:- Third generations product is most effected from the political point of view. Third generation product is actually related with the irrigation of residential landscape. But as the case suggest that due to less rain and increasing population growth extreme scarcity of water take place in the region because of that government impose limitations on landscape irrigation. Now this political move causes increase in the demand of the product. So this government action is affecting the demand positively. Economic analysis:- While making the analysis of the product target market and product acceptability, one thing that should be kept in mind is the economic condition of the target market. Because it may be possible that there is a need of product, people are willing to purchase and product contents are absolutely matched with the needs of target market but only due to high cost incurred on the production process it is away from the reach of market. This was the case with second generation product where a problem of consistent change would cause an increase in cost of product that is unacceptable for the target market. Social analysis:- Social aspect also disturbed the ART progress regarding this filtrations unit. Corporate RD section of ART opened ITC and water purification project concept emerged from that unit. But due to difference in social values and culture of the two different continents, there was a situation of misunderstanding communication gap exist between head office and this unit. We can see the confusion among both units, when mini-oxidation plant face a problem of odor and project will be closed that make the ITC technicians harsh. Some situation happens when the third generation product design becomes late. Technological analysis:- ART has advanced technology but the only issue is regarding proper research, effective utilization of technology and consistency. In my view when first generation product faces the problem of odor, there would be a need to reorganize all technological aspect and a RD operation would be done with new passion. It might be a chance that the result would be in companies favor. Same will be the case with second generation product. Legal analysis:- There are minor legal issued faced by the organization. Only the restriction of landscape irrigation is a legal issue that proves beneficial for the increasing demand of the target market. Environmental analysis:- Environmental factor also have a some effect on the existing scenario. The target market of the generations has some environmental characteristics that collectively results in the emerging needs of the products produced by the ART business unit. For example polluted water of underdeveloped countries increase the need of purified water and lack of rain increased population results in the demand for landscape irrigation product Strategic group analysis:- ART has many business units depending upon the different type of products they have provided. Corporation has brand equity in the market due to its after sale services, customer satisfaction, global presence and distribution network. IF we look at the strategic strengths of the organizations on over all bases, we came to know that the corporation has a strategy of growing itself with innovation and entrepreneurial activities. And knowledge sharing dissemination helps to achieve the target. Tinker time is a helping step to achieve that strategic goal. Strategic analysis has another view; filtration unit is a part of the corporation. Having core product of water treatment for oil and gas exploration that meets the government requirement of recycling. The case shows a sort of strategic mistake from the point of view of management while new project was under progress. There is a lack of consistency and lack of commitment that can be seen easily. First generation product came into the field-testing phase after the lab test had been completed. Then, why this problem not be shown in that phase? May be that would happen because of careless attitude while testing or may be the product quality in lab test was different from the field-testing product quality? Even then, if product faces odor problem, the management should encourage the ITC technicians to overcome the problem rather converting the face of project in different way. Same will be the case with second generation product which shows a careless attitude of management as well as lack of strategic vision regarding the project. Key Success Factors:- If we take a birds view of the case, we can easily assess that innovation, entrepreneurial activities, knowledge sharing and dissemination are the four active participants that guides ART towards the success story. Corporation has an urge to achieve competitive advantage over rivals through these factors. CEO advice of tinker time is an example of the innovative vision of the corporation. Key drivers of change in selected industry:- After the two failure of purification water project, now the company stands on a crucial point regarding the decision of investment on the landscape irrigation project. The under discussion industry should keep the vision of innovation and entrepreneurial activities in mind but to achieve a goal this business unit also needs to be more disciplined. Managerial decision should be taken by keeping in view the broader aspect and by analyzing that what impact this decision would be on whole Corporation. Following are the point that should be kept in mind if the company wanted to have success in this project: Critically analyze the market analysis and financials of the plan. If that found to be practical, make the prototype version followed by field testing production. If the product gets success in field testing production then company has to move toward marketing and production. Regular innovative change not only helps to sustain a competitive advantage but also create value for the customer and then increased value can be enjoyed through fruitful profit generation.

Educational Change

Topic: Analyse a story about an educational reform happened in a secondary school and comment its effectiveness based on the organizational theories. ————————————————- 1. Introduction The Education Commission Report No. 7 released in September of 1997 suggested to build a quality culture in schools(EDB, 1997) . Since that, schools and education institutions of all levels experienced changes and reforms in various scale and kinds. Schools are no longer stable and predictable places.Schools and school systems had gradually turned into a mode of modern organization: departmentalized and bureaucratized in last century. However, in last two decades, the reform in education has been launched in all over the world. It is clearly because of the needs of new millennium – we are moving or even already in the postmodern age now. The postmodern age world is fast, compressed, com plex and uncertain(Hargreaves, 1994). Schools are places for preparing the generations of the future, therefore, changes are essential to all educational organizations.In this paper, the story about the culture reform happened in a one-through school will be told to provide a case-study of how an evolution occurred in an educational system. The dimensions, type and effectiveness of reform will be discussed. 2. Literature Review We know change is essential to postmodern education system. But change for change is not help and not what we want. An educational change, is assumed to help schools to achieve their goals more effectively, theoretically. It is important to bear in mind that change is a process, not an event(Fullan & Stiegelbauer, 1991)Literature provides the category for the change. Superficial changes , like changes in content, structure or policy, which induces improvement on something currently doing, are classified as first order change. Those changes occur on those fund amental, for example, goals and roles, are classified as second order change. (Cuban, 1988) â€Å"Educational change depends on what teachers do and think-it's as simple and complex as that†(Fullan, 1991, P. 117). While what the teachers do and think is a reflection of their basic assumption and belief or the change is just superficial.It is vital to understand the culture of the organization and how it affects the norms and behaviors. (Stoll & Fink, 1996). There are fundamental relationship between culture and effectiveness(Rossman et al. , 1988). Though school culture is powerful, schools are more comfortable to first order change than second order change (Cuban, 1988; Fullan & Stiegelbauer, 1991). But first order change would not be internalized without second order change(Leithwood, Aitken, & Jantzi, 2001). 3. A Story about Changing the School School X was a band three secondary school in a very new developed district in Hong Kong.Included School X, there were two seconda ry schools in the district, which with population of around 60,000. In the fifth year of school X being set up, a vice-principal of another school (for convenience, we called him/her W) of the same sponsoring body was sent to this school. At this time, school X was obviously in adverse position compared with another school in the district. Almost all higher banding students chose another school, over 80% of students of School X is in band 3 while over half of these students were in territorial bottom 10%.Most of the middle managers were not functioned. Teachers with negative attitude were majority. Some teachers had passion and willing to pay effort for students, but because of the norm and culture, what their effect was confined. Students lacked of interest and motivation in their learning, not mentioned to have any confidence and expectation on their own academic performance. The impression of School X was terrible in the community. â€Å"Fortunately†, the number of classes and teaching group of school X were small and still expanding with he increase of population size of the district. W already knew she would be vice-principal of school X for only one year and then would be promoted to be principal in the next year. W took the year of being vice-principal of school X to familiarize with the setting, the norm, the culture and social relationships in this school. The story of change began in the next year, W became principal of School X†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. Analysis of the changes Changes is a process, most researchers stated there are three broad phases involved: Initiation, Implementation and Continuation.Fullan (1991) added the idea of outcome to the process to give a come complete picture. Since the progress of educational reform occurred in School X involved numerous innovations each affected different domains of the school (Surely, this is common to all educational changes), the followed analysis will be written according to the framework shown in F igure 4. 1 . This framework is modified from the simplified overview of Fullan(1991), the titles of the points I will highlight for each phase are added to the box below each phase.Figure 4. 1 A simiplified overview for the process of change in School X No doubt, the new principal took a critical role in the initiation of change. But any educational change in school should involve all parties in school, therefore, the innovations are always not only from the principal but should be from all a stakeholders, especially from teachers and students. A group of teachers with similar belief with W were selected to act as a workforce to improve the performance and effectiveness of the school.Three teachers from this group became the new leaders for the academic, discipline and guidance department. The replacement was a quite severe step in school system. But it was also an effective way to remove the potential resistance to the change. The concept of workforce group was a successful startup . It involved teachers, the staff that would execute the change, as McGregor (1957) argued about the Theory Y of management, innovations and motivation are present in people, the manager only needed to make it possible for eople to recognize and develop. On the other hand, only small group of teachers were included in the workforce. Huberman and Miles (1984) argued that large-scale participation at the initiation phase is not productive and too much energy would be exhausted for pre-action discussion. The new department leaders, with W, leaded the group of workforce to review the rules and regulations, and drew up some new practice, then discussed these practice with the whole teaching team.Actually, the changes in rules and regulation were small, the focus was on the execution of these rules and regulations should be uniform and coherent. Though at this time the scale and degree of change on school was small, but it just like a pilot step for the consequence wave of reforming. Befo re these practices were introduced, W shared the bad news about the terrible intake of S1 in that year, over 70% of new comers are from the group of territory bottom 10%, with all teaching staff in the meeting. She also showed the data about the trend of population and development of the district in the meeting.What she pointed out was : more and more secondary schools were setting up in the district, all of them would be competitors of their school; the worst thing was, though the student population was going up that time, but it was not a long story, the population would decline after several year; they would finally face the crisis of shrink in number of classes, even being forced to close. W had capitalized on propitious moments for the change. The circumstances that call for change was dramatized to win the support and cooperation of teachers (Trice & Beyer, 1993). The results of pilot trial were satisfied.Though everything still had great room for improvement, but all of them seemed to be in progress. W celebrated the success with all staff (both of teaching and non-teaching). In the next year, some changes induced ‘externally† happened: Regional/national level: The ECR no. 7 recommended the idea of using performance indicators to assess the quality of school. This aroused the concern about effectiveness and quality of schooling in society. Local level: * School X moved to a brand-new campus equipped with extra facilities. * School X was changed from a traditional secondary school to a one-through school.School X now had its first class of primary one. These â€Å"external factors† provided good ground to fertilize the consequence changes,. Among various of innovations, the setting up of first quality circle took a critical role in the reform of School X. The quality circle was formed by a group of ten young and passionate teachers. Teachers in the circle were assigned to be the class teachers of S2 classes (the form with terrible S1 i ntake). They were empowered to design and execute the setting and rules (academic and discipline aspects) work on the whole form.Recalled the organization Y described by McGregor (1957), this was another example about â€Å"using† the motivation and potential for development already in people to direct behavior toward the organizational goal. The outcome of implementation of quality circle was inspiring. The success of the quality circle was originated from it decentralized the power to and enlarged the job of some staff in relative low position of the school hierarchy (by experience, status and responsibility), and caused a sense of satisfaction in their social and egoistic needs. The success of quality circle created a dramatic change in the belief of teachers.After that, quality circles were set up for each form. It was institutionalized as a school policy and long term practice. After years of implementation, the behavior and academic performance of students had obvious i mprovement. The job satisfaction of teachers was greatly improved. Most items in the APASO and KPM, especially those related with the teacher and students relationship, have index better than the territory norm. Now, School X is categorized in band 2. Fullan(1991) listed 9 critical factors organized into 3 main categories affecting implementation. Figure 4. shows the interactive relationship of them: In the case of School X, for the characteristic of change: the need of change was obvious, the goal of change was clearly explained to all staff, the individual complexity on most staff was not too high to create resistance. In addition, as most rules and regulations remained the same, the practicality was acceptable. For the local characteristics, though the district and community factors could not be examined, but the principal and teachers showed positive attitude to the implementation, especially after the success of trial done in the first year.By cultural perspective, Rossman et a l. (1988) identified the culture change processes to three types: Evolutionary, Additive and Transformative, depended on the degree of explicit, conscious focus on cultural change. The change in School X involved explicitly implementation of policies and practices, it should belonged to additive or transformative. While as the cultural norm was changed in a quite big scale with some severe means (replaced the heads, restructured the school system, etc. ), the reform of School X was classified as transformative.The developmental age of School X affected the cultural change in it as well. Stoll and Fink (1996) described the mechanisms likely to bring about change in three developmental age of school: Birth and early growth, Midlife, Maturity and /or stagnation and decline. School X should belong to Midlife stage, and the description about change through explosion of myths, quality circle was an exact example of this. The idea about creating new myth also echoed by(Trice & Beyer, 1993) , the effectiveness of myth to change cultures was affirmed in his article. 5. Comment on its effectiveness 5. Classical theory vs. Human resources theory The definitions of effectiveness of the change/reform were varied. The implementation of change in School X relied on application of human resources theory mostly. Compared with the classical theory, human resources theory took much more time and sometimes the outcome may be misled to be deflected from the organizational goal as it emphasized on the managing by objective instead of control with assumption about people had motivation already inside(McGregor, 1957). However, for the setting of school, human resources theory is much more appropriate.Though in earlier of this paper, the characteristic of schools in postmodern age was subjected to change; on the other hand, schools should be stable enough to let the teachers and students feel safe and secure. The scientific management emphasizes on selecting themost qualified employees to perform the job, this may not fit for the situation of school. Furthermore, the classical theory also included sense of bureaucracy. Bureaucracy was a common practiced in modern school for many years. However, this perspective may not suitable for the postmodern age school nowadays.Bureaucratic schools are close-ended, static and balkanized, in contrast, what we need now are open-ended, evolving and collaborative learning organizations. 5. 2 Cultural perspective Rossman(1988) argued culture defines effectiveness. In this part, I will comment on the effectiveness of the change in School X by cultural perspective. 5. 2. 1The classification of change by levels of culture The culture can be distinguished to three levels , on the base of basic assumptions, values and behaviours are observable manifestations (Schein, 1985). In Table 5. 1, the change of School X in each level of culture was described.Table 5. 1. Description on the change of School X by levels of culture. Level| Descrip tion| Artifacts and creations| The appearance of students was improved. The behavior of students inside and outside the classroom was improved. The academic performance of students improved. The intake of the school improved. | Values| The senses of belonging of students increase. The self-esteem and confidence of students improved. The satisfaction of teachers about the job improved. | Basic assumptions| The impression of community on School X changed to be more positive. The mission and goal of the school became clear and evolving.Senses of collaboration and cooperation were developed among teachers and students. Teachers’ belief migrated from â€Å"students cannot be changed† to â€Å"students can be changed through education, it just needs time and effort†. | 5. 2. 2Assessing Amounts of Change To understand the amount of change, the process can be described along four dimensions: Pervasiveness, Magnitude, Innovativeness, and Duration (Trice & Beyer, 1993). T he pervasiveness in change of culture was high. All the main business within the school was affected. The behavior of majority of teachers and students were changed.Surely, some of them tried to ignore the change, but the proportion was small. The magnitude of the change was high. The old negative values and belief evolved to much more positive ones. The innovativeness was not very varied in this case. Actually, the change in rules, rites and regulation were limited. The practices implemented were also common in other schools. But the idea of decentralization of power with quality circle was innovative among Hong Kong schools. Finally, the duration, it was high and actually, School X is still evolving even now, as a culture of evolving was developed. 5. 2. 3Definitions of effectivenessAccording to the research work of Rossman et al. (1988), from the cultural perspective, the definitions of effectiveness changes refer to the norms, beliefs and values of organizations. Took Rossman â €˜s suggestion, I tried to analysed the effectiveness of reform in School X by five criteria. Firstly, the definition should be multisided; Both of the academic and the non-academic achievement should be considered. The academic performance of School X was improved and the band of it was promoted. On the other hand , the sports teams and volunteer team had outstanding performance in region. Second,  the  concern  for  order  is  essential to  all  schools.Ordered environment facilitate learning and teaching, it also brought about the sense of respect. The behavior of students was improved. The lesson time spent on dealing with the problem of classroom management was greatly reduced. It brings about the achievement of the third criterion – the quality of teaching; as teachers had more time for preparing teaching activities with higher quality. The focuses of professional training activities included the new teachers training programs and school-based trainin g activities were migrated from classroom management to some more academic purpose.The fourth one is to establish appropriate expectations for intellectual outcomes. Except the first two years of implementation, the main concerns of School X in the followed six years all about enhancing the learning and teaching effectiveness. The performances of students in public examination also have been evaluated and discussed both in the meeting at subject levels and school level. Finally, value the diversity. School X developed teams for students with different education needs, for example, special education needs, non-native Chinese speakers, gifted, etc. 6. 2. Three perspective of culture The culture strength can be described by three perspectives: Integration, Differentiation and Fragmentation(Martin, 1992). Before the implementation of change, School X should be described as differentiation, teachers , those willing to pay effort and those not, worked on their own style, belief and goal. Conflicts between colleagues happened frequently. The reform caused the culture of School X evolved much more coherent, but the characteristics of sub-groups were still kept, so it is much more likely to be fragmentation rather than integration. . 2. 5Limitations of the cultural perspective on evaluating the effectiveness of change Culture is powerful, it affects the whole setting and every members of the organization. But the cultural perspective is only a way to give better insight of the organizational culture and also about the change. It never gives any fast and promising way for change. One can have a better planning and more precise expectation on the response of the members of organization to the implementation of change. 6. End of story? Never ended†¦.As we said in the start of this paper, schools nowadays are providing training to people who will deal with the fast, complex and mercurial life in the postmodern age. Schools that keep static and satisfy with their past achievement are no longer good schools. The senses of changes should be rooted within every stakeholder of the schools and education system. The cycle of planning, implementation and evaluation now was very familiarized by each educators in every levels of institutions, it is not just for documentary purpose and dealing with school external review, it is also a key for the keeping the schools change to right way.References Cuban, L. (1988). A Fundamental Puzzle of School-Reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 69(5), 341-344. EDB. (1997). Education Commission Report No. 7. Fullan, Michael, & Stiegelbauer, Suzanne M. (1991). The new meaning of educational change (2nd ed. ). Toronto? New York, NY: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education : Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University. Hargreaves, Andy. (1994). Changing teachers, changing times : teachers' work and culture in the postmodern age. London: Cassell. Huberman, A. M. , & Miles, Matthew B. 1984). Innovation up close : ho w school improvement works. New York: Plenum Press. Leithwood, Kenneth A. , Aitken, Robert, & Jantzi, Doris. (2001). 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